For the determination of d₁₅, ceramic plates of Messrs. PI Ceramic were used: material PIC255, shear plate with dimensions 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm, with Au-electrode.

  Shear Plate d₁₅ from PI Ceramic

Currently, piezo ceramics in use are preferably synthesised from lead-, zirconium- and titanium oxides as bases to the PbTiO₃-PbZrO₃-type, and also BaTiO₃. Special dopings of these lead-zirconium-titanium ceramics (PZT) with e. g. nickel (Ni)-, bismuth (Bi)-, Antimony (Sb)-, Niobium (Nb)-ions etc. allow for the systematic adjustment of the required piezoelectric and dielectric parameters.

For the determination of the material data a special measurement setup must be developed

Measurement of d₁₅